Table Of Contents
      Chapter 8: Searches of Persons:
         Privacy Rights
         Rule
         Search Incident to Arrest
            Legal Justification
            Transportation Requirement:
               Anyone Who is Arrested and is to be Transported
               Transporting a Minor
            Contemporaneous In Time and Place
            Other Requirements and Limitations:
               Search Incident to a Citation
               Searches of Containers
               Property of Booked Person
               Arrest in the Home
               Arrest in a Vehicle
               Strip Search
         Searches with Probable Cause
            The Exigency
            Probable Cause from the Defendant’s Admissions
            P.C. § 833; Search of an Arrestee
            Order of Search & Arrest
            Intrusions Into the Human Body
               Shock the Conscience
               Interest of Human Dignity and Privacy
               Factors
               Driving Under the Influence Cases
               Other Examples of Bodily Intrusions
            Choking
               Rule
               Examples
         Searches with Less Than Probable Cause
            Government Employees
            Drug Testing of Persons in Pervasively Regulated Industries or Sensitive Positions
               Railway Workers
               Customs Officers
               Candidates for Public Office
               A State Hospital’s Drug Testing Policy for Expectant Mothers
            For Students:
               Drug Testing: Athletics and Extracurricular Activities
               Students in General
            Frisks (or Pat Down)
               Defined
               For Weapons Only
               Reasonable or Rational Suspicion
               The Nature of the Crime as a Factor
               Procedures:
                  Limited to Outer Clothing
                  Removal of Weapons
                  When Suspect Reaching for a Weapon
               P.C. § 833.5; Detentions
               Problems:
                  During Consensual Encounter
                  During Execution of a Search Warrant
                  Feeling a Controlled Substance
                  Frisk Based Upon Uncorroborated Anonymous Tip
               Other Situations
            Abandoned Property:
               General Rule
               The “Threatened Illegal Detention”
            Searching for Identification
            Fingerprint Evidence
            Handwriting (and Other Types of) Exemplars
            Prisoner Searches:
               Inventory Searches
               Search Incident to Arrest
               Institutional Needs
               Other Purposes
               Booking (and Inventory) Searches
               Containers
               Impounded Property
               Strip Searches of Prisoners
               Misdemeanor Booking Searches:
                  Due Process
                  Restrictions
                     For Pre-Arraignment Detainees Arrested for Infractions and Misdemeanor Offenses
                     Definitions
                     Pat Down, Metal Detector and Clothing Search
                     Limitations on “strip search” or “visual body cavity search”
                     Search Warrant Requirement
                     Touching Prohibited
                     Physical Body Cavity Searches
                     Sex of Searchers
                     Location of Searches
                     Penalties for Violations
                     Civil Remedies for Violations
                  Case Law
               Jail Cells
               Monitoring of Jail Visitations and Telephone Calls:
                  Rule
                  Exceptions
               Monitoring Jail Mail
               Regulating Jail/Prison Visitations
               Retained Constitutional Rights:
                  Infringement on Rights
                  Rights Retained by Prison Inmates
               DNA Profiling of Prisoners
                  The DNA and Forensic Identification Database and Data Bank Act of 1998
                  Statement of Intent
                  Purpose
                  Identification of Criminal Offenders
                  Biological Samples Limited to “Buccal”
                  Collection of Blood Samples
                  DNA and Forensic Identification Database and Data Bank Program
                  Counties’ Responsibilities
                  Costs
                  DNA Testing Fund
                  The “Jan Bashinski DNA Laboratory.”
                  NeOffenders Subject to Collection of Specimens, Samples and Print Impressions
                  Applies to All Qualified Persons Regardless of Sentence
                  Applies to All Qualified Persons Regadless of Placement
                  Provisions are Mandatory
                  Duty of a Prosecutor to Notify the Court
                  Duty of a Court to Inquire
                  Collection of Samples For Present and Past Qualifying Offenses
                  Retroactivity of Provisions
                  Procedures for Obtaining Replacement
                  Analysis of Crime Scene Samples
                  Procedures for Collection of Samples
                  Sanctions for Failure to Provide Required Samples
                  Use of Force
                  “Reasonable Force,” Defined
                  Written Authorization to Use Force
                  Efforts to Secure Voluntary Compliance
                  Videotaping of “Cell Extractions”
                  Blood Withdrawals in a Medically Approved Manner
                  Expungement of Data
                  Confidentiality Requirements
                  Dissemination of Information to Law Enforcement Agencies
                  Disposal of Samples
                  Construction and Severability
                  Case Law