Table Of Contents
      Chapter 7: Warrantless Searches:
         General Rule
         Exceptions to the Search Warrant Requirement
         Plain Sight Observations
            Rule
            No Search
            Justification for Seizure
            No Expectation of Privacy
            Examples
            The “Plain Sight Observation” vs. the Right To Enter a Residence
         Plain Hearing
         Plain Smell
            Rule
            Examples
            Exceptions
         Exigent Circumstances
            Rule
            Examples:
               Destruction of Evidence
               Officers’ Safety
               Fresh or Hot Pursuit
               Search for Additional Suspects
               Protection of Life and Property
               To Prevent the Escape of Suspects, or When Suspects Arm Themselves
         Special Needs Searches
            Test
            Examples
               Random Testing of Student Athletes
               Random Metal Detector Searches of Students
               Search of a student’s computer
               Drug Testing for United States Customs Service Employees
               Searches of Employees’ Backpacks
               Pre-Departure Airport Screening Procedures
               Drug and Alcohol Testing for Railway Employees
               Administrative Inspections of Closely Regulated
               Administrative Inspection of Fire-Damaged Premises
               Administrative Housing Code Inspections
               Border Patrol Checkpoints
               Sobriety Checkpoints
               Entry into a Residence to Enforce a Court Order
               Fourth Waiver Searches
               A Search Warrant Issued Pursuant to P.C. § 1524.1 (HIV)
               Taking of Biological Samples for DNA Databases
            Exceptions to Exceptions
               A Highway Drug Interdiction Checkpoint
               A State Hospital Blood Testing Program
         Closely Regulated Businesses or Activities:
            Pervasively or Closely Regulated Businesses
            Other California or United States Regulatory/Administrative Searches:
               Vehicle Code
               Penal Code
               Fish and Game Code
               Financial Code
               United States Code
         School Searches
         Airport Searches
         Evidence of a Refusal to Consent to a Warrantless Search