Table Of Contents
      Chapter 4: Arrests:
         Defined
         Standard of Proof; Probable Cause:
            Defined
            When Probable Cause Exists
            The Collective Knowledge Doctrine
            Miscellaneous Rules
            Examples
         Test
         Unlawful Arrest
         Elements of an Arrest
         Use of Force:
            Reasonable Force
            Factors
            Examples
            Applicable Statutes
            Use of Deadly Force:
               Causing Death
               Deadly Force Defined
               Non-Criminal Homicides
               Applicable Statutes
               Limitations:
                  'Forcible and Atrocious' Crime
                  History
                  The Fourth Amendment
                  Forcible and Atrocious Crime, Defined
                  Burglary of a Residence
                  Self-Defense
                  Fleeing Felon
                  Transferred Intent
               Use of Deadly Force by Police Officers
         Legal Authority for Arrests:
            Arrests by a Peace Officer
            Arrests by a Private Person
            Out of State Officers in Fresh Pursuit
            Federal Officers
            Bounty Hunters
            Arrest Options
               Release Without Charges
               Seek an Arrest Warrant
               Issuance of a Misdemeanor Citation
               Booking into Jail
               Take the Subject Directly Before a Magistrate
         Legal Requirements of an Arrest:
            Felonies
            Misdemeanors and Infractions:
               'In the Presence' Requirement:
                  'In the Presence,' Defined
                  Exceptions
                     Juvenile Arrests
                     Driving While Under the Influence Arrests
                     Battery on School Grounds
                     Carrying a Loaded Firearm
                     Assault or Battery Against the Person of a Firefighter, Emergency Medical Technician, or Paramedic
                     Domestic Violence Restraining Orders
                     Domestic Violence Assaults or Batteries
                     Elder Abuse
                     Carrying a Concealed Firearm at an Airport
                     Operating a Vessel or Recreational Vessel or Manipulation of Water Skis, Aquaplane or Similar Device While Under the Influence
                     Operating a Vessel While Under the Influence of Alcohol and/or Drugs with an Accident
               Vehicle Code Violations, Exceptions
               Vehicle Code Parking Citations
               Stale Misdemeanor Rule
               Sanctions for Violations
            Arrests for an Infraction or Misdemeanor:
               Release Requirement
               Exceptions
               V.C. § 40302
               Other Satisfactory Evidence of His Identity
               Arrestable Offenses
               The Unlicensed Driver
               Non-Residents
               Traffic Arrest Bail Bond Certificate
               Misdemeanor Citations
               With an Existing Warrant of Arrest
         Arrest Warrants:
            Defined
            Content
            Other Types of Arrest Warrants:
               Bench Warrant
               Telephonic Arrest Warrant
               Ramey Warrant
               A 'DNA, John Doe' Warrant
            Necessity of an Arrest Warrant
            Service and Return:
               Felony arrest warrants
               Misdemeanor Arrest Warrants
                  Night Service
               Necessity for Having a Copy of The Arrest Warrant
               Knock and Notice
               Procedure After Arrest:
                  Disposition of Prisoner
                     In-County Arrest Warrants
                     Out-of-County Arrest Warrants
                  Necessity of Having Probable Cause
                  The Steagald Warrant
               Extensions
               Statute of Limitations
         Statutory Limitations:
            Daytime and Nighttime Arrests:
               Felony Arrests
                  Without an Arrest Warrant
                  With an Arrest Warrant
               Misdemeanor (and Infraction) Arrests:
                  Without an Arrest Warrant
                  With an Arrest Warrant
            Penal Code § 964: Victim and Witness Confidential Information
            Live Lineups
         Case Law Limitations:
            Ramey:
               General Rule
               Exceptions
                  Consent
                  Exigent circumstances
                  Already Lawfully Inside
                  Standing in the Threshold
                  While Serving a Search Warrant
                  A Parolee
                  Inviting Defendant Outside
               Sufficiency of Evidence that the Suspect is Inside
               Within a Third Person’s Home
               Consequences of a Ramey/Payton Violations
         Knock and Notice
         Problems:
            Arresting for the Wrong Offense
            Mistaken Belief in Existence of an Arrest Warrant or Fourth Waiver:
               Problem
               Rule
               Good Faith
               Non-Law Enforcement Sources:
                  Court Source
                  Legislative Source
                  Department of Motor Vehicles Source
               Law Enforcement Source
               Others:
                  Parole
                  The Probation Department
            Arresting and Searching in Ignorance of an Existing Warrant of Arrest
            Minors and Curfew
            Minors and Truancy
         Information Provided to an Arrested Person:
            P.C. § 841; Information to be Provided
            Foreign Nationals
               Advisal to Arrestee/Detainee
               Automatic Notice to Foreign Country
               Sanctions for Violations
               P.C. § 834b
            Miranda
         Follow-Up Requirements After Arrest:
            Other Rights of the Arrestee:
               Right to Access to an Attorney
               Right to Access to a Physician or Psychiatrist
               Right to Telephone Calls:
                  Minors
            Other Statutory Obligations of the Arresting Officer
         Civil Liability